特朗普宣布美国暂停向世卫组织提供资金

美国总统特朗普4月14日宣布，美国暂停向世界卫生组织提供资金。

US President Donald Trump says he has instructed his administration to halt funding to the World Health Organization (WHO).He said the WHO had "failed in its basic duty" in its response to the coronavirus outbreak.
美国总统特朗普表示，他已指示其政府暂停向世界卫生组织提供资金。他说，世卫组织在应对新冠肺炎疫情时“没有履行其基本职责”。

Mr Trump said funding would be on hold for 60 to 90 days pending a review of the WHO’s warnings about the coronavirus and China.
特朗普表示，暂停提供资金的期限将持续60到90天，在此期间将对世卫组织就新冠病毒及中国疫情发出的警示信息进行评估。

特朗普在白宫记者会上表示：

With the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, we have deep concerns whether America’s generosity has been put to the best use possible. The reality is that the WHO failed to adequately obtain, vet and share information in a timely and transparent fashion.
随着新冠肺炎疫情暴发，我们非常关心美国的慷慨是否物尽其用。现实是，世卫组织未能及时透明地充分获取、筛选及分享信息。

If we cannot trust them, if this is what we will receive from the WHO, our country will be forced to find other ways to work with other nations to achieve public health goals.
如果我们不能信任他们，如果这就是我们从世卫组织得到的，我国就不得不寻找其他途径与其他国家合作来达到公共卫生领域的目标。

联合国秘书长古特雷斯对此回应称，世界卫生组织必须得到支持。

António Guterres, the UN secretary general, declared now was “not the time to reduce the resources for the operations of the World Health Organization or any other humanitarian organization in the fight against the virus.
古特雷斯表示，疫情当前，现在不是减少对世卫组织或者任何一个人道主义组织资源支持的时候。

“As I have said before, now is the time for unity and for the international community to work together in solidarity to stop this virus and its shattering consequences,” he said in a statement.
我之前说过，国际社会现在应该团结一致、携手聚力，共同阻止这个病毒及其产生的破坏性后果。

世卫组织的资金来源

WHO’s Programme Budget is financed through a mix of assessed and voluntary contributions. Assessed contributions are the dues countries pay in order to be a member of the Organization. The amount each Member State must pay is calculated relative to the country's wealth and population.
世卫组织的规划预算资金来自评定会费和自愿捐款。评定会费是国家作为本组织会员国交纳的费用。每一会员国交纳的费用按本国的财富和人口状况计算。

Assessed contributions have declined as an overall percentage of the Programme Budget and have, for several years, accounted for less than one quarter of the organization’s financing. The balance is mobilized through voluntary contributions.
评定会费占规划预算的总百分比有所减少，近几年占比还不到该组织资金总额的四分之一。其余资金通过自愿捐款筹集。

However, assessed contributions remain a key source of financing for the organization, providing a level of predictability, helping to minimize dependence on a narrow donor base, and allowing resources to be aligned to the Programme Budget.
但评定会费仍是该组织资金的一个主要来源，它提供了一定程度的可预测性，有助于降低对少量捐助方的依赖，使资源水平能够与规划预算保持一致。

WHO assessed contributions are due and payable as of 1 January from all WHO Member States and Associate Members (currently 194 Member States and 2 Associate Members).
世卫组织各会员国和准会员（目前共有194个会员国和两个准会员）需于1月1日缴付世卫组织评定会费。

Where the total annual assessed contribution for a Member State is $200,000 or greater, that Member's contributions are assessed half in United States dollar and half in Swiss francs, otherwise, contributions are assessed in United States dollars only.
如会员国年评定会费总额为20万美元或更多，则会费一半按美元评定，一半按瑞士法郎评定。如会员国年评定会费总额低于20万美元，会费应全部按美元评定。

The US is the WHO's biggest funder, providing $400m last year - just under 15% of its total budget.
美国是世卫组织最大的资金提供方，去年提供了4亿美元的资金支持，占该组织总预算近15%。

The organization launched an appeal in March for $675m to help fight the pandemic.
上个月，世卫组织曾发起捐款呼吁，希望能为抗击新冠肺炎疫情筹集6.75亿美元的资金。

对于特朗普关于世卫组织没有及时分享疫情信息的指责，美国媒体做了时间线的梳理。

CNBC报道称：

WHO started sounding the alarm on the outbreak of a new coronavirus in China, in mid-January, designating the now Covid-19 pandemic as a global health emergency on Jan 30 when there were just 8,200 cases in 18 countries across the world.
世卫组织1月中旬开始发出警报，称一种新型冠状病毒疫情在中国暴发，1月30日就宣布如今被称为新冠肺炎大流行病的疫情为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件，当时全球只有18个国家报告了8200例确诊病例。

The WHO’s global emergency declaration on Jan 30 was nearly a month before Trump tweeted that “The Coronavirus is very much under control in the USA” and six weeks before he declared a national emergency on March 13.
1月30日，世卫组织宣布国际关注的突发公共卫生事件，过了将近一个月，特朗普还在发推特说，“美国把新冠病毒控制得很好”，过了6个星期，他才在3月13日宣布美国进入国家紧急状态。

Two days earlier, on March 11, WHO officials declared the outbreak a pandemic, when there were just 121,000 global cases.
在此两天前，3月11日，世卫组织官员宣布新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行，当时全球只有12.1万病例。

【相关词汇】

评定会费 assessed contribution

自愿捐款 voluntary contribution

全球公共卫生安全 international public health security

新冠肺炎疫情防控全球阻击战 global war against the COVID-19 outbreak

跨境传播 cross-border spread

参考来源：BBC、the Guardian、WHO官网、CNBC

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）